The second Trump administration’s disruptive policies have been met with almost universal outrage among the chattering classes and mainstream media outlets. A consensus among economists is that tariffs alone have limited utility when it comes to reshoring and reviving American manufacturing. This is why the architects of Trump’s trade policy have something more dramatic in mind. Arguably, the most influential and sophisticated thinker among American trade hawks is former U.S. trade representative Robert Lighthizer, who worked during both the Raegan and first Trump administrations. So far, the Trump administration has struggled to convince a single major economy—whether in Asia, Europe, or North America—to succumb to its trade terms.