Since 2008, the quarterly labour force survey (QLFS) has used updated sampling methodologies and definitions to bring it in line with various International Labour Organization standards. The results of the LFS have also been revised to make them comparable with QLFS data, Manamela said. According to the QLFS data, 13.6 million people were employed in the third quarter of 2008. Subtract the 8.9 million employed in 1994, and it would appear that an additional 4.7 million people were employed at the end of 2008, over a million less than Mbeki claimed. “Likely, a key factor … was the end of apartheid and the extension of freedoms to all groups in the population,” Thornton said.