For decades, African conservation has spoken about involving local communities in protecting wildlife. But despite growing recognition that many people living alongside wildlife hold valuable knowledge, too many decisions are still made without them. Researchers and conservation organisations often use the term to describe people and wildlife living together in harmony. More than beneficiariesDr Sue Snyman of the African Leadership University School of Wildlife Conservation said genuinely inclusive wildlife economies require far more than creating jobs or generating tourism revenue. Rebooting conservationEdwin Tambara, Director of Global Leadership at the African Wildlife Foundation, delivered a provocative warning that the underlying “operating system” of modern conservation is fundamentally broken.