A Lead-Based Surface Treatment Pushes Perovskite Solar Modules Toward Industrial ScalePerovskite solar cells have spent the past decade moving from laboratory curiosity to one of the most closely watched technologies in renewable energy. The team fabricated perovskite solar modules with a certified efficiency of 24.0 percent measured over an aperture area of 810 square centimetres. Subject of Research: Large-area perovskite solar modules, surface passivation, ambient-compatible photovoltaic manufacturing and lead carboxylate interface engineeringArticle Title: Lead carboxylates passivation for meter-scale perovskite solar modulesArticle References: Xu, D., Xiao, K., Liu, Y. et al. Lead carboxylates passivation for meter-scale perovskite solar modules. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10994-7Image Credits: AI GeneratedDOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10994-7Keywords: Perovskite solar cells, perovskite solar modules, lead dioleate, lead carboxylates, surface passivation, formamidinium iodide, slot-die coating, ambient manufacturing, scalable photovoltaics, IEC 61215, solar energy, photovoltaic reliability