USA: A research letter published in JAMA Pediatrics provides new evidence supporting the effectiveness of annual influenza vaccination in children. After adjusting for vaccination uptake, influenza vaccination prevented an estimated 10.9 influenza cases per 100 vaccinated children during the 2022–23 season. Across the study period, vaccination was associated with preventing approximately 9 to 14 influenza cases per 100 vaccinated children. The estimated number of influenza cases prevented ranged from 9.3 per 100 vaccinated children in the 2016–17 season to 14.3 per 100 vaccinated children in the 2019–20 season. Overall, the study provides contemporary evidence that annual influenza vaccination lowers the risk of influenza infection in young children.