In March, the Pentagon designated Anthropic PBC a “Supply-Chain Risk to National Security” under 10 U.S.C. Neither precedent establishes the standard of review governing administrative actions that invoke national security to justify legal sanctions. The framework asks whether an action that imposes legal sanction is genuinely tied to the security rationale asserted for it. Applying Hawaii-style deference whenever the executive uses national security authority turns deference into a labeling trick, detached from the institutional competence that justifies it. When executive action imposes punishment under national security authority, courts should not give heightened deference merely because a security justification has been invoked.