By integrating productive failure theory into the training process, this innovative research aims to reshape how nurses acquire and refine their skills. Productive failure theory, as expounded in educational psychology, posits that encountering challenges during the learning process can lead to deeper understanding and retention of skills. Article Title: Application of productive failure theory combined with debriefing teaching model in peripherally inserted central catheter skill training for oncology specialist nurses. Application of productive failure theory combined with debriefing teaching model in peripherally inserted central catheter skill training for oncology specialist nurses. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07863-8Image Credits: AI GeneratedDOI: 10.1186/s12909-025-07863-8Keywords: oncology nursing, productive failure theory, debriefing teaching model, PICC skills training, nursing education.