The Indian Railways has already achieved 99.6 per cent electrification of the broad gauge network as of March 2026, thereby moving closer to its target of becoming net-zero carbon emitter by 2030. Multiple benefits of railways’ net-zero mandateAs India pursues its goal of becoming a developed nation by 2047, railways are undergoing an unprecedented transformation at multiple levels. Thus, while the Indian Railways decarbonisation may be successful, it will require the decarbonisation of India’s grid for it to have real climate impact. The success of Indian Railways’ net-zero strategy will depend as much on energy procurement and financial architecture as on technological innovation. Examine the major challenges confronting Indian Railways in its transition from a diesel-dependent system to a renewable-energy-powered railway.