Researchers found that Indigenous participants reported significantly higher rates of abuse, coercion and loss of autonomy than both white and other racialized patients, raising questions about Canada’s adherence to domestic and international human‑ rights commitments. Almost three‑ quarters (74.6 per cent) of Indigenous respondents reported at least one form of disrespect, versus 69.2 per cent of other racialized respondents and 58.4 per cent of white respondents. 28 per cent reported being shouted at or scolded by providers, compared with 18 per cent of white respondents. 10.8 per cent reported physical abuse, including aggressive contact or denial of pain relief for procedures such as episiotomies. Indigenous women aged 25 or younger were significantly more likely to report abuse and disrespect than older Indigenous participants, with absolute differences of 18.4 and 17.5 percentage points respectively.