The aggressive brain tumor is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, yet standard treatment has changed little in decades. Glioblastoma can disrupt blood vessels in its central regions, creating areas where the related blood–brain tumor barrier becomes more permeable. These components can bind receptors expressed on BBB endothelial cells or glioblastoma cells, including transferrin receptors, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, nutrient transporters, and tumor-associated markers. After binding, nanoparticles may be transported across endothelial cells through receptor-mediated transcytosis or internalized directly by tumor cells. Magnetic nanoparticles can generate localized heat during magnetic hyperthermia, damaging tumor cells and potentially increasing their sensitivity to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.