But ahead of the big event, let’s look at what is happening and why the event holds such importance for scientists. A solar eclipse occurs because sunlight shining on the Moon creates a shadow that falls on the Earth. For a total eclipse to happen, the moon and sun have to line up precisely. These countries are likely to experience a rare total eclipse. By flying three hours west of the island, the team can study and photograph a total eclipse, using a new airborne telescope called E-CorMag.