However, a persistent paradox remains: despite more than a century of agricultural investment, Sudan has failed to transform agriculture into a driver of inclusive development or a foundation for political and social stability. Rather, it exposed the limits of an investment model that failed to deliver balanced development, strengthen food security, or build peace over many decades. This is a crisis in the agricultural investment model itself. Towards a new agricultural investment modelSudan's reconstruction does not require more conventional agricultural projects based on the same assumptions. In a forthcoming article, I will present the main elements of an integrated framework for agricultural investment and reconstruction in Sudan.