ANALIZAWIADOMOŚCI Russian military presence in the Arctic: NATO-Russia rivalry [PART 3] Aleksander Olech, Karolina Kisiel A Swedish tank drives through the thick snow as part of defence drills in Lapland, Finland. Crucially, under current regulations, the archipelago is not intended for a permanent military presence; thus, the United States also has no military facilities there, although scientific and satellite infrastructure of civil importance is operational. One of the less frequently discussed yet no less important elements of Russian activity in the Arctic is the use of military infrastructure for deterrence purposes. NATO also conducts military exercises in the Arctic region, examples of which include Cold Response, Arctic Challenge Exercise, and Nordic Response. Moscow will not abandon its military presence, infrastructure development, or attempts to maintain superiority in the North, as this region remains one of the pillars of Russian military development and economic ambitions.