The move places the issue of undocumented migration firmly on the diplomatic agenda between South Africa and the three countries. Transport drives up deportation costsMakhode told South African MPs that transportation has accounted for the largest portion of the deportation bill. The scale of the operation highlights the growing challenge South Africa faces in managing undocumented migration and the costs associated with enforcing immigration laws. Economic opportunities, employment prospects and established migrant communities have historically contributed to movement into South Africa. The issue could also trigger wider discussions between Malawi and South Africa on migration management, documentation of Malawian nationals and mechanisms for dealing with undocumented migrants.