Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. This finding should not be interpreted to mean that surgery is appropriate for every patient with traumatic brain injury. In settings where resources are constrained, directing follow-up toward those at highest risk could become an important step in reducing avoidable mortality after traumatic brain injury. Subject of Research: Mortality and posthospital outcomes among patients in Pakistan with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.28403Keywords: Brain injuries, traumatic injury, cohort studies, mortality rates, medical treatments, surgery, hospitals, older adults, neurology