By 2030, energy demand in the country is expected to surge, but the sector is facing major challenges, including declining traditional energy supply sources, delayed projects, an incomplete legal framework and inadequate financial mechanisms for large-scale LNG, renewable energy and hydrogen projects. Second, energy markets remain underdeveloped. Vietnam’s competitive electricity market currently operates only at certain levels while gas and LNG markets have yet to fully develop. He also stressed the need to strengthen strategic energy reserves, diversify supply sources and build a resilient energy market amid complex geopolitical developments. Country Representative of the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Juhern Kim called for comprehensive energy and digital infrastructure planning that links AI and data-centre development with power supply and grid capacity.