Meanwhile, the US has made clear the limits on its security guarantees to its West Asian allies. For example, if Israel strikes a Saudi nuclear fuel enrichment facility, Turkiye will be required by the Mecca Agreement to respond to such an attack on its treaty ally. The Mecca Agreement brings together important strengths of three Asian power centres. In September 2025, Riyadh and Islamabad signed a bilateral “Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement”, which has evolved with the participation of Ankara into the trilateral Mecca Agreement. Similar motivations are probably driving Pakistan’s current play in West and South Asia, including its initiative to mediate a peace dialogue between Washington and Teheran, and now, its high-profile role in the Mecca Agreement.