In 1985, Pakistan, Iran and Turkey revived it through the Economic Cooperation Organisation, later expanded to include Central Asian states and Afghanistan. On August 7, 2026, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye signed the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement, declaring that an armed attack against one would be regarded as an attack against all. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia had already signed their Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement in September 2025. The Makkah agreement will face the same test; its future depends not on the grandeur of its declaration but on the seriousness of its implementation. The Makkah agreement begins with the necessity of regional security.