The swearing-in has also reignited the sensitive debate over dual citizenship, national identity and where the loyalty of public officials ultimately lies. “On dual citizenship, I stressed that while the arrangement was introduced to address Uganda’s difficult history, people must be clear about where their loyalty lies,” Museveni said. The remarks put loyalty at the centre of the citizenship debate, particularly for people holding Ugandan citizenship alongside another nationality. By July, reports indicated that Ayebare and Musherure had resolved the citizenship concerns, including renouncing their foreign citizenship, paving the way for Tuesday’s swearing-in. Museveni’s remarks on dual citizenship also signal that the issue remains a broader question of public office, national loyalty and regional integration.