Charles Buhler’s Exodus Propulsion Technologies has claimed discovery of a “New Force” using electric fields to generate gravity-defying thrust, but lacks independent verification from outside laboratories as of 2026. In 2001, British Electrical Engineer Roger Shawyer first introduced the “impossible drive,” known as the EmDrive. If true, that would make it a reactionless drive—a machine that appears to shove itself forward without throwing anything backward. Public NASA and electrostatics materials support Buhler’s Kennedy Space Center electrostatics background, but the propulsion work is a private, non-NASA effort.) This culminated in 2023, when this “New Force”-powered drive generated enough thrust to overcome Earth’s gravity.