Instead, the Russians died at the hands of drone operators controlling three unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and two unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), each armed with a large-calibre machine gun. Both Russia and Ukraine make regular use of these UGVs, most of which resemble flatbed trolleys with caterpillar tracks. In July, the Ukrainian army landed an ARK-1 robot armed with a machine gun on the Kinburn Spit, a highly contested sliver of Russian-occupied territory south of Mykolaiv. Tollast thinks not, and the Ukrainian army agrees, stating that such drones are heavy, expensive and often topple over. As such, we’ll probably have to wait a while for robots to take over soldiering.