President Donald Trump and other Republican officials had criticized this chapter as biased against fossil fuel companiesThe National Academy of Sciences (NAS) pulled a chapter on climate from its scientific reference manual for judges, the organization said in a statement released on Friday. The Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence is produced in concert with the Federal Judicial Center; its latest edition was released in 2025 and for the first time, included a chapter on climate change. The manual is designed to help judges reason through legal cases that touch on complex scientific topics. The chapter, “Reference Guide on Climate Science,” included information about the greenhouse effect, atmospheric cycling, peer-reviewed research, attribution science and more, according to a copy stored on the Internet Archive. “It was held to the same rigorous standards as every other chapter in the manual.”