The central challenge is that the need for invasive ventilation is rarely random. If the association remains strong, invasive ventilation itself, or other factors closely linked to it, may play a more independent role. Subject of Research: The relationship between invasive ventilation, the magnitude of respiratory support and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. “Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: its relationship to invasive modes of ventilation and the magnitude of respiratory support.” https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-026-02852-1Image Credits: AI GeneratedDOI: 10.1038/s41372-026-02852-1Keywords: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, premature infants, invasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation, respiratory support, neonatal intensive care, prematurity, lung injury, mediation analysis