The message is clear: Kenya’s affordable housing programme is bringing modern housing to one of the country’s most visible symbols of urban poverty. The redevelopment forms part of Ruto’s broader affordable housing programme, which aims to deliver 200,000 housing units annually, combining social housing, affordable homes and market-rate units. On the ground in Kibera, residents whose homes are targeted for demolition are uneasy. Kenya urgently needs better urban housing, and redevelopment is necessary. This is one reason why many social housing schemes around the world struggle.