The Statute's Built-In AsymmetryThe NDPS Act does not prohibit every form of cannabis. In 2022, the Karnataka High Court also held that bhang does not fall within the NDPS Act's prohibition. Who is Actually in PrisonIndia does not record the caste or religion of NDPS accused. There is no national study on cannabis use prevalence by caste or religious identity. The basic empirical question, whether cannabis enforcement disproportionately affects marginalised communities, cannot currently be answered.