For around 260,000 years, Homo sapiens and Neanderthals shared territories across Africa, Europe, and Asia. Stitching the Edge: Evidence in Bone and OchreUnlike Neanderthals, whose remains lack signs of cold-weather gear, Homo sapiens left a clearer trail. Where Neanderthals may have operated in smaller, more isolated bands, Homo sapiens built interconnected communities. It allowed humans to migrate, settle, and adapt across continents—from Africa to Europe and Asia—where Neanderthals gradually vanished, around 40,000 years ago. What Extinction Teaches Us About SurvivalBy around 30,000 years ago, Homo sapiens stood alone as the last surviving hominins on Earth.