A separate mechanistic study found that the postbiotic exerted its benefits via three synergistic mechanisms of action: improved gut barrier function, immune modulation, and supporting gut keystone bacteria. “The MOA paper shows how Keystone works: supporting gut barrier function, driving a bifidogenic effect, and supporting wound repair at the cellular level. The clinical paper then translates that mechanism into measurable shifts in the human gut microbiome and host biomarkers. As more people think about healthy aging, a resilient gut microbiome will be foundational to that conversation, not an afterthought.” “Mechanistic characterisation of a novel oat-based postbiotic: microbiome modulation, barrier protection, and wound healing”.