Singapore has 770 industrial robots per 10,000 workers, whilst Johor across the Causeway has only 215, and there's no shared training data bridging the two.

These field visits exposed major cross-border industrial data integration barriers, leading to a targeted multi-layer cooperation framework for this cross-border corridor. Three-tier shared data ecosystem for the Johor-Singapore SEZDrawing strengths from US open research frameworks and Japan’s industrial data security rules, I propose a three-layer cross-border data system tailored to the JS-SEZ. Its semiconductor and machinery industries built shared manufacturing data platforms for SMEs, balancing industrial competitiveness and data sovereignty. For ASEAN, the corridor delivers a neutral testbed for cross-border industrial data governance, filling gaps in regional Industry 4.0 research. The JS-SEZ boasts unique cross-border policy strengths and complementary industrial layouts, making it an ideal pilot for hybrid shared industrial data ecosystems.