It is already part of the choices the world is making on trade, technology, talent, energy, supply chains and development. India is home to more than one-sixth of the world’s population but accounts for a much smaller share of global trade. Countries that can attract long-term capital and put it to productive use will help define the next phase of global growth. However, India’s long-term competitiveness will be determined by how effectively it converts its demographic strength into innovation, enterprise and broad-based prosperity. As India enters its ninth decade of Independence, its task is not simply to participate in global growth.