URINARY tract ultrasound demonstrated a low diagnostic yield in children following a first urinary tract infection (UTI), according to a retrospective cohort study of 1,460 children. Researchers reviewed cases of children who underwent urinary tract ultrasound after a first UTI between January 2014 and December 2024. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract were identified in 6.9% of the cohort, but clinically significant abnormalities associated with urinary tract dilatation were detected in only 3.5%. Notably, 34 children with vesicoureteral reflux had normal findings on their initial ultrasound examination, highlighting the limited ability of urinary tract ultrasound to exclude reflux. Diagnostic yield of urinary tract ultrasound in children following a first urinary tract infection: a retrospective cohort study.