There is no universal number of rotations at which reusable packaging becomes economically or environmentally preferable to single use. A reusable transport container moving between warehouses operates under very different conditions from a consumer-facing food container that must be recovered from households. Customers receive products in reusable containers and return the empty packaging to delivery drivers during a subsequent grocery order. Reusable containers need washing infrastructure that can meet hygiene requirements while controlling water, energy, labour and transport costs. The Ocado programme showed that reusable packaging can be recovered through an existing home-delivery network without relying on deposits.