England’s Simpler Recycling programme shows how waste infrastructure needs to evolve alongside packaging design. Compostable packaging faces a different infrastructure gapCompostable packaging makes the relationship between materials and waste infrastructure particularly clear. Under current Simpler Recycling requirements, plastic packaging labelled compostable or biodegradable does not have to be collected through the plastic recycling waste stream. The EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR), which generally applies from 12 August 2026, introduces requirements spanning packaging design, recyclability, waste management and waste prevention. Mono-material packaging, compostable packaging and other alternatives can contribute to a more circular packaging system.