The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) wants that ritual gone by 2028, setting a target of zero failed transactions within two years. What a new anonymous survey of 40 Nigerian payment professionals, bank staff, merchants, journalists, and everyday users reveals, though, is not a system waiting for one fix. A habit Nigerian banks learned long before NIBSS existedAsk a bank’s operations staff why a transaction failed, and the answer arrives almost reflexively: user error. One bank staff member, working inside a bank’s operations team, told the survey, “I think it’s [zero failed transactions by 2028] achievable, but only if the rails get fixed first. Bank staff inherited a liability framework built around authentication.