Discussion pointsCivil proceedings for trademark infringementOutline of border enforcementRecent key updatesReferenced in this articleTrademark ActCustoms ActCivil proceedings for trademark infringementsThere are two types of civil proceedings for trademark infringements in Japan. The second type is a proceeding for a preliminary injunction, by which a trademark owner may seek a preliminary injunction order. A trademark owner may initiate infringement proceedings by filing a complaint with these courts or other district courts having jurisdiction. In practice, the proceedings for the main trademark lawsuit in which a trademark owner seeks damages consist of two phases. The period necessary to obtain a preliminary injunction is usually shorter than that for a main lawsuit; however, in practice, judges fully examine preliminary injunction cases based on trademarks just the same as in a main lawsuit.