In spite of this, the expected shift to a court-dominant system for IP rights enforcement is difficult due to historical and structural weaknesses in the judicial system. The current situation is not satisfactory for trademark owners who are primarily interested in compensation for damages caused by infringements. In the past, when Vietnam was still a very small economy, trademark infringement was carried out on a limited scale and economic stakes were not sufficiently high for trademark owners to pursue long and costly lawsuits. In practice, it may take some time for the two regional courts to establish their specialised IP courts. However, the imminent creation of specialised IP courts is expected to accelerate the shift of the IP protection system towards a more balanced and judicially driven system.