What the study actually foundLi and Wong compared pet owners against non-owners and looked specifically at living arrangement and loneliness as the mechanism connecting pet ownership to wellbeing. Among people living alone, pet owners reported less loneliness than non-owners, and that reduced loneliness explained most of the wellbeing benefit pets seemed to provide. Leaning on an animal specifically in place of people wasn’t a workaround for loneliness. Pets aren’t only a withdrawal mechanismA large study complicates the substitution story from the other direction. What I’d take from thisThe distinction that actually seems to matter isn’t whether someone loves their pet a great deal.