An indirect consequence of these events has been the creation of a new Turkey-Pakistan-Saudi Arabia defence pact, announced last week. US President Donald Trump also led attempts to normalise relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel. Saudi Arabia was expected to recognise Israel, contingent on the establishment of a Palestinian state. The tripartite agreement among Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan comes amid this backdrop. Incentives to agreementFor Gulf countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran and Israel’s changing defence capabilities and regional ambitions proved to be a source of heightened insecurity.