We wanted to know whether living with extreme heat or cold – not one bad week, but months or years – changes whether pain interferes with people’s lives. The results suggest that chronic pain deserves a place in how the country prepares people for extreme weather. Two things stood out:Among the one-fifth of our sample who lived with many extreme-cold days, reports of high-impact pain went up. Extreme heat was split by geography and by wealth:For urban residents, sustained heat showed no link to developing new pain. Rising global temperatures are increasing the risk that people will be exposed to extreme heat for weeks at a time.