In her academic work, Fernández defended the function of the Contraloría as a counterbalance to the government, highlighting its importance in maintaining oversight and accountability. Her thesis analyzed how the Legislative Assembly and the Contraloría act together as brakes and counterweights to the Executive branch. This nuanced view acknowledged the institution’s value while cautioning about potential political or legal maneuvers that could undercut its effectiveness. Since becoming president, Fernández has faced scrutiny and political debate over the balance of power and the integrity of institutions like the Contraloría. Her earlier academic work is now being revisited as part of discussions on governance, institutional checks, and the limits of control within Costa Rica’s political system.