Lunar regolith has developed in an environment without the weathering processes that gradually smooth many particles on Earth. For astronauts, NASA also identifies exposure to lunar dust as a potential health concern. Inside the chamber, researchers expose hardware to lunar regolith simulant while controlling environmental conditions. “Engineers are advancing techniques to extract resources from lunar regolith, which can be turned into oxygen for astronauts and liquid oxygen for rocket propellant.” Oxygen extracted from lunar material could potentially support human activity, while liquid oxygen could serve as an oxidizer for rocket propulsion.