The study, published in the journal Brain, points to the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) as a possible meeting place for social behavior and fear. Reduced social engagement was observed across two different social behavior tests and was not caused by reduced movement or greater anxiety. This suggests that the cells may be necessary for normal social behavior, but turning them on is not enough by itself to increase social interest. The findings therefore do not yet show that naturally released oxytocin directly controls social behavior or fear extinction. Related: Brain Mechanism That Regulates Fear Discovered in Mice, Scientists SayIf future research confirms a similar system in humans, it could help scientists better understand conditions involving difficulties with social behavior or fear regulation, including autism and anxiety disorders.