The infection progresses to cirrhosis in around 75% of patients within 15 years, making effective long-term treatment an important clinical goal. Participants underwent HLA class I typing, HDV sequencing and longitudinal immune profiling to assess changes in HDV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses during treatment. Findings Supported Continued Bulevirtide TreatmentThe researchers concluded that bulevirtide could improve exhausted HDV-specific CD8+ T cells directed against conserved viral targets. Even so, the findings indicated that limited immune recovery may help explain why long-term bulevirtide treatment remained necessary to reduce the likelihood of HDV relapse after treatment discontinuation, even in patients who achieved undetectable HDV RNA. Fate of hepatitis D virus-specific CD8+ T cells during bulevirtide monotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis delta☆.