On Friday, leaders from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey signed a new defense agreement, which “stipulates that any armed attack against any one of the three states shall be regarded as an attack against them all.” On Friday, leaders from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey signed a new defense agreement, which “stipulates that any armed attack against any one of the three states shall be regarded as an attack against them all.” It is worth remembering that Saudi Arabia has had a mutual defense agreement with Pakistan since September 2025 and with the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council since 2000. It comes not long after Islamabad finalized a new mutual defense pact with Saudi Arabia, and at a moment when it is taking steps to deepen defense cooperation with other allies in the region, such as Egypt and Jordan. TurkeyThe Mecca Joint Defense Agreement signed by the leaders of Turkey, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia today represents an inflection point in the emerging multipolar order in the Middle East and South Asia.