Only decolonizing residents reduced the drug-resistant bacteria they carried on their skin, and adding daily enhanced cleaning produced no measurable additional benefit, according to a study of two Southern California nursing homes published August 5 in JAMA Network Open. The phases were implemented in sequence: universal decolonization alone, routine care as the control, once-daily enhanced cleaning alone, and decolonization combined with enhanced cleaning. Enhanced cleaning alone did not reduce carriage, and it added no benefit when combined with decolonization. Decolonization alone reduced it by 84 percent compared with control and by 74 percent compared with enhanced cleaning, while enhanced cleaning alone produced no reduction and added nothing to decolonization. The new study addresses a narrower question about how decolonization compares with enhanced cleaning when resources force a choice.