The region therefore needs an “energy non-aggression pact”: a limited but practical agreement protecting critical energy infrastructure and the essential services that depend on it. Energy security is also human securityThe principal danger is not simply the loss of hydrocarbon revenue or an increase in global energy prices. In many Gulf states, energy security cannot be separated from water security. Under an energy non-aggression pact, regional states would commit not to attack oil refineries, export terminals, LNG facilities, major pipelines, power stations, electricity grids, energy control centres, desalination plants and their critical backup systems. Energy security in the Gulf is no longer a purely national matter.