Governments that deploy internet shutdowns to thwart protesters have struggled to clamp down on offline messaging apps. Bitchat, launched by the Twitter co-founder in 2025, allows nearby phones to communicate over Bluetooth even when mobile networks or internet access are unavailable. Last month, the app had its biggest real-world test after authorities shut down internet access during student protests in New Delhi. Across the globe, state-enforced internet blackouts have become a primary weapon against protests and independent journalism during political crises. Apps like BitchatOffline messaging apps are not new.