Since independence, the country has articulated a mixed economy vision through the 1991 national economic vision, the 1996 macro policy, and the economic provisions of the unimplemented constitution. The conclusion is clear: only a disciplined, democratic developmental state aligns with Eritrea’s structural realities and long‑term aspirations. The Developmental State: Capacity Before AmbitionThe developmental state is the most successful model of late industrialization. Human capital investment: Heavy investment in education, vocational training, and technological institutes aligned with industrial priorities. Developmental state: Capability‑driven transformation aligned with Eritrea’s structural realities and long‑term national interests.