Scientists have developed an innovative nanoparticle platform that could help surgeons remove glioblastoma, the deadliest form of brain cancer, while also destroying microscopic cancer cells left behind after surgery. Built from an ultrathin two-dimensional sheet embedded with individual platinum atoms, the platform performs two different tasks using the same near-infrared light. The platinum atoms convert the tumour's hydrogen peroxide into oxygen, helping overcome the low-oxygen environment that protects cancer cells. At the same time, the light generates heat and reactive molecules that destroy remaining microscopic cancer cells. Larger studies and human clinical trials will be needed to confirm whether this promising technology can safely improve glioblastoma surgery and reduce recurrence in patients.