By Andrew P. NapolitanoThe war in Iran is unlawful and unconstitutional, but in post-World War II America, it’s normal. James Madison argued that the executive branch is the branch “most interested in war, and most prone to it,” which is precisely why the Constitution deliberately divided the war power. The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq illustrate the costs of this expansive approach. Wars of choice generate unintended consequences, empower new enemies, create refugee crises and expand government power at home. The constitutional allocation of war powers exists not as a procedural rule but as a substantive safeguard for freedom itself.