Ltd. v. OpenAI OpCo LLC, denied ANI Media's plea for an interim injunction against OpenAI on July 24, 2026. OpenAI relied on the fair dealing exception for research under Section 52(1)(a), arguing that training an LLM is a transformative process rather than reproduction. When Retrieval Isn't MemoryANI's exhibits showed ChatGPT producing answers nearly identical to its news articles, suggesting the models had been trained on ANI's content. The EU AI Act goes further, requiring providers of general-purpose AI models sold in the EU to comply with EU copyright rules regardless of where training occurred. The broader question of whether AI training must always be paid for remains open.